Studying tourist behavior-what tourists do, what their preferences are, etc.-provides helpful information for designing new tourism products, for policymaking, and for developing effective tourism marketing strategies. This informative volume offers a diverse selection of chapters on research related to the customer behavior of tourists. With chapters from tourism professionals from around the world, the volume presents research work, new perspectives, and case studies of tourist behavior from varied cultural and geographical backgrounds. The volume addresses relationship management at different types of tourist destinations, such as spas and museums; the creation and sustainability of tourism luxury brands; the continuing growing influence of social media and digital technology on tourist choices; gauging tourists' motivation, satisfaction, and return-trip intentions; the role of tourism activities on destination choice; perspectives and case studies on heritage tourism, and more. The book also includes a chapter on how virtual reality, streaming, and livestreaming during the COVID pandemic affected tourism and goes on to makes predictions for tourist behavior in the post-COVID-19 era.

Provides better understanding of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and how they affect humans and ecosystems. Includes genesis, categories, environmental fate and behaviour, and associated hazards. Reviews analytical techniques involved in detection, human exposure and management. Discusses environmental dynamics of POPs. Focus is on the comprehensive account of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAH; other organochlorine POPs such as DDT, lindane, and dieldrin.

Discusses the basic architecture of the smart city and its development concept. Covers application of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence in the development of smart cities. Examines the impact of smart city development on social and economic aspects. Discusses comprehensively intelligent transport systems and traffic management.

The aim of this book is to provide insight into Data Science and Artificial Learning Techniques based on Industry 4.0, conveys how Machine Learning & Data Science are becoming an essential part of industrial and academic research. Varying from healthcare to social networking and everywhere hybrid models for Data Science, Al, and Machine Learning are being used. The book describes different theoretical and practical aspects and highlights how new systems are being developed. Along with focusing on the research trends, challenges and future of AI in Data Science, the book explores the potential for integration of advanced AI algorithms, addresses the challenges of Data Science for Industry 4.0, covers different security issues, includes qualitative and quantitative research, and offers case studies with working models. This book also provides an overview of AI and Data Science algorithms for readers who do not have a strong mathematical background. Undergraduates, postgraduates, academicians, researchers, and industry professionals will benefit from this book and use it as a guide.

This book has comprehensive coverage and advances in agriculture for sustainable development and is expected to provide valuable sources for scholars and researchers, as well as serve as a guide book to the farmer's community and development agencies. The book is organized into 18 chapters, which include advances in production technologies of crops e.g. rice, wheat, barley, maize, pearl millet, pulses and oilseeds; sugarcane; medicinal and aromatic plants; vegetable crops; fodder crops; resource conservation technologies; management of degraded and sodic lands; soil biodiversity; farm mechanization, etc. The text is illustrated with tables, figures and photographs to bring out the significant findings. The book provides cutting-edge scientific knowledge as well as solid background information that are accessible for those who have a strong interest in agricultural research and development and want to learn more on the challenges facing the global agricultural production systems. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with New India Publishing Agency.

The text comprehensively focuses on the concepts, implementation, and application of evolutionary algorithms for predicting, modeling, and optimizing the various material removal processes from their origin to the current advancements. This one-of-a-kind book encapsulates all the features related to the application and implementation of evolutionary algorithms for the purpose of predicting and optimizing the process characteristics of different machining methods and their allied processes that will provide comprehensive information. It broadly explains the concepts of employing evolutionary algorithm-based optimization in a broad domain of various material removal processes. Therefore, this book will enable prospective readers to take full advantage of recent findings and advancements in the fields of traditional, advanced, micro, and hybrid machining, among others. Moreover, the simplicity of its writing will keep readers engaged throughout and make it easier for them to understand the advanced topics. The book- * Offers a step-by-step guide to implement evolutionary algorithms for the overall optimization of conventional and contemporary machining processes * Provides in-depth analysis of various material removal processes through evolutionary optimization * Details an overview of different evolutionary optimization techniques * Explores advanced processing of various engineering materials-based case studies It further discusses different nature-inspired algorithms-based modeling, prediction, and modeling of machining responses in attempting advanced machining of the latest materials and related engineering problems along with case studies and practical examples. It will be an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers working in the fields of mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, industrial engineering, manufacturing engineering, and materials science.

The book emphasizes the understanding principles and utility of renewable energy and green technology to minimize dependency on fossil fuels in the era of global development. The book focused on recent trends in renewable energy with principles and practices in relation to climate change This book highlighted advanced approaches for sustainable use of renewable energy sources The methodology for various aspect of renewable energy are illustrated with figures and charts Uses of agriculture and forestry sector as a green technology are also illustrated/mentioned This book potentially will helpful for policymakers in the field of renewable energy

This book reviews the recent advances in the development of proteomics-based biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of altitude sickness and explores the potential of antioxidant therapy for this sickness. The first chapters introduce the associated pathophysiology and provide mechanistic insights into the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which leads to an increase in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. The book then highlights the current problems relating to the diagnosis and treatment of altitude sickness and summarizes novel approaches for identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutics. Lastly, it explores the therapeutic efficacy of antioxidant agents.

Broadband RF and Microwave Amplifiers provides extensive coverage of broadband radio frequency (RF) and microwave power amplifier design, including well-known historical and recent novel schematic configurations, theoretical approaches, circuit simulation results, and practical implementation strategies. The text begins by introducing two-port networks to illustrate the behavior of linear and nonlinear circuits, explaining the basic principles of power amplifier design, and discussing impedance matching and broadband power amplifier design using lumped and distributed parameters. The book then: Shows how dissipative or lossy gain-compensation-matching circuits can offer an important trade-off between power gain, reflection coefficient, and operating frequency bandwidth Describes the design of broadband RF and microwave amplifiers using real frequency techniques (RFTs), supplying numerous examples based on the MATLAB (R) programming process Examines Class-E power amplifiers, Doherty amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, microwave gallium arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAs FET)-distributed amplifiers, and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) amplifiers for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications Broadband RF and Microwave Amplifiers combines theoretical analysis with practical design to create a solid foundation for innovative ideas and circuit design techniques.

Broadband RF and Microwave Amplifiers provides extensive coverage of broadband radio frequency (RF) and microwave power amplifier design, including well-known historical and recent novel schematic configurations, theoretical approaches, circuit simulation results, and practical implementation strategies. The text begins by introducing two-port networks to illustrate the behavior of linear and nonlinear circuits, explaining the basic principles of power amplifier design, and discussing impedance matching and broadband power amplifier design using lumped and distributed parameters. The book then: Shows how dissipative or lossy gain-compensation-matching circuits can offer an important trade-off between power gain, reflection coefficient, and operating frequency bandwidth Describes the design of broadband RF and microwave amplifiers using real frequency techniques (RFTs), supplying numerous examples based on the MATLAB (R) programming process Examines Class-E power amplifiers, Doherty amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, microwave gallium arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAs FET)-distributed amplifiers, and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) amplifiers for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications Broadband RF and Microwave Amplifiers combines theoretical analysis with practical design to create a solid foundation for innovative ideas and circuit design techniques.

Nanotechnology for Rural Development is designed to present nanotechnology-based solutions to the challenges faced by rural populations, particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries. The book focuses on agriculture, biomass management, food processing and water management, in terms of its purification and decontamination. The treatment of wastewater and the harnessing of renewable energy are also covered. In addition, the book deals with the application of nanotechnology in the areas of consumer goods, such as textiles, ceramics, food processing and packaging, and other related spheres. The book provides information on the green synthesis of nanomaterials, using prevalent natural resources and their applications for textiles, ceramics, portiere, and food packaging. It also addresses low-cost solutions using materials such as biomass waste for water purification and decontamination. For example, lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into nutrient adsorbents, energy, fuel and storage. Above all, it protects agriculture crops from insects and other pests, and produces quality products in high yields. This volume offers insight into the intricacies of the problems faced by large populations living in rural areas, particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries. It also discusses the natural renewable resources available locally and how nanotechnology can best use them to increase the quality and yield of agricultural products, as well as how to engage the population, specifically women, in gainful productive activities.

Current and historical research methods in approximation theory are presented in this book beginning with the 1800s and following the evolution of approximation theory via the refinement and extension of classical methods and ending with recent techniques and methodologies. Graduate students, postdocs, and researchers in mathematics, specifically those working in the theory of functions, approximation theory, geometric function theory, and optimization will find new insights as well as a guide to advanced topics. The chapters in this book are grouped into four themes; the first, polynomials (Chapters 1 -8), includes inequalities for polynomials and rational functions, orthogonal polynomials, and location of zeros. The second, inequalities and extremal problems are discussed in Chapters 9 -13. The third, approximation of functions, involves the approximants being polynomials, rational functions, and other types of functions and are covered in Chapters 14 -19. The last theme, quadrature, cubature and applications, comprises the final three chapters and includes an article coauthored by Rahman. This volume serves as a memorial volume to commemorate the distinguished career of Qazi Ibadur Rahman (1934-2013) of the Universite de Montreal. Rahman was considered by his peers as one of the prominent experts in analytic theory of polynomials and entire functions. The novelty of his work lies in his profound abilities and skills in applying techniques from other areas of mathematics, such as optimization theory and variational principles, to obtain final answers to countless open problems.

Current and historical research methods in approximation theory are presented in this book beginning with the 1800s and following the evolution of approximation theory via the refinement and extension of classical methods and ending with recent techniques and methodologies. Graduate students, postdocs, and researchers in mathematics, specifically those working in the theory of functions, approximation theory, geometric function theory, and optimization will find new insights as well as a guide to advanced topics. The chapters in this book are grouped into four themes; the first, polynomials (Chapters 1 -8), includes inequalities for polynomials and rational functions, orthogonal polynomials, and location of zeros. The second, inequalities and extremal problems are discussed in Chapters 9 -13. The third, approximation of functions, involves the approximants being polynomials, rational functions, and other types of functions and are covered in Chapters 14 -19. The last theme, quadrature, cubature and applications, comprises the final three chapters and includes an article coauthored by Rahman. This volume serves as a memorial volume to commemorate the distinguished career of Qazi Ibadur Rahman (1934-2013) of the Universite de Montreal. Rahman was considered by his peers as one of the prominent experts in analytic theory of polynomials and entire functions. The novelty of his work lies in his profound abilities and skills in applying techniques from other areas of mathematics, such as optimization theory and variational principles, to obtain final answers to countless open problems.

In recent decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the field of photonic crystal research and has emerged as an interdisciplinary area. Photonic crystals are usually nanostructured electromagnetic media consisting of periodic variation of dielectric constant, which prohibit certain electromagnetic wave frequency ranges called photonic bandgaps to propagate through them. Photonic crystals elicited numerous interesting features by unprecedented control of light and their exploitation is a promising tool in nanophotonics and designing optical components. The book 'Advances in Photonic Crystals and Devices' is designed with 15 chapters with introductory as well as research and application based contents. It covers the following highlighted features: Basics of photonic crystals and photonic crystal fibers Different theoretical as well as experimental approaches Current research advances from around the globe Nonlinear optics and super-continuum generation in photonic crystal fibers Magnetized cold plasma photonic crystals Liquid crystal defect embedded with graphene layers Biophysics and biomedical applications as optical sensors Two-dimensional photonic crystal demultiplexer Optical logic gates using photonic crystals A large number of references The goal of this book is to draw the background in understanding, fabrication and characterization of photonic crystals using a variety of materials and their applications in design of several optical devices. Though the book is useful as a reference for the researchers working in the area of photonics, optical computing and fabrication of nanophotonic devices, it is intended for the beginners like students pursuing their masters' degree in photonics.

This book reviews the recent advances in the development of proteomics-based biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of altitude sickness and explores the potential of antioxidant therapy for this sickness. The first chapters introduce the associated pathophysiology and provide mechanistic insights into the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which leads to an increase in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. The book then highlights the current problems relating to the diagnosis and treatment of altitude sickness and summarizes novel approaches for identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutics. Lastly, it explores the therapeutic efficacy of antioxidant agents.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Systems Security, ICISS 2019, held in Hyderabad, India, in December 2019. The 13 revised full papers and 4 short papers presented in this book together with 4 abstracts of invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. The papers cover topics such as: smart contracts; formal techniques; access control; machine learning; distributed systems; cryptography; online social networks; images and cryptography.

This book discusses various climate smart agro-technologies, their technical and economic feasibility across heterogeneous agro-climatic conditions, assessing farmers' willingness to adopt those technologies, impact of climate smart technology in agricultural production and possible policy and investment opportunities to upscale it. Containing eight chapters, the book starts with a discussion about the methodological aspects of priority setting of the farm technologies across various regions of South Asia including Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain, Western Indo-Gangetic Plain and arid regions. Using data from field based trials and expert solicitations, the book next deliberates on a list of feasible technologies, assessed by constructing climate smart Feasibility Index. Further on, there is an analysis, using stated preference method, of the behaviour of farmers in adopting climate smart technologies. Preference of women farmers has been given a special focus in this book. After discussing the method priority setting of the farm technologies, impact of climate smart technologies has been analysed using real time data. Government policies have been reviewed with the view of achieving climate smart agriculture in South Asia. The book also describes the optimization modelling framework for investment allocation and technology prioritization. The model integrates both the bio-physical and the economic optimization model to capture the agro-climatic heterogeneity within the region and the variability of technical feasibility across regions and crops. Results of this model will help policy makers to identify how much to invest, where to invest and what technologies to prioritize for investments.

The prevailing global environmental crisis is primarily because of non-standardized parameters for environmental regulation. Unplanned expansion of economic activities, consideration for environmental conservation and several associated problems are emerging due to degradation in quality of ambient environment such as clean air, safe drinking water and quality of food, particularly in developing nations. Due to poor/casual execution of EIA protocol, newly developing countries are preferred destination for establishing pollution emitting industries, which results in degradation and depletion of natural resources. Lack of environmental policy intervention is another major attraction for establishing such industries in these nations. In order to ensure sustainable development, the highest priority issues include the monitoring and eradication of environmental problems which arise due to economic development. Initiation of any form of economic development primarily results in loss of forests and thus biodiversity, followed by deterioration in quality of air and contamination of natural resources. The worst impact of non-standardized economic development is the contamination of air, water and soil. Sustainable development ensures responsible interface with the environment to minimize the depletion or degradation of natural resources and ensure long term environmental quality. It involves integrated approaches in understanding the importance of environmental management systems and policy inventions leading to improved environmental performance. The present book is proposed to address the environmental concerns associated with economic development and approaches involved to attain sustainable economic development, which include monitoring of the quality of air, deforestation, quality of water resources, soil erosion and degradation of the natural environment.

This book divided in eleven chapters, in the first chapter describes basics of a compiler, its definition and its types. It also includes the need of a compiler. The second chapter deals with phases of compiler, frontend and book end of compiler, single pass and multiphase compiler; Chapter three covers role of logical analyzer, description of tokens, automata, the fourth chapter presents syntax analyzer, grammar, LMD, RMD, passing techniques. Fifth chapter gives syntax directed translation, syntax tree, attributes such as synthesis and inherited. Chapter six deals with type checking, its definition, dynamic type checking and equivalence of it, function overloading and parameter passing. Chapter seven covers run time environment storage allocation techniques, symbol table. Chapter eight presents intermediate code generators, techniques of ICG, conversion. Chapter nine deals with code generation, basic blocks, flow graph, peephole optimization while chapter ten is on code optimization, that contains optimization of basic blocks, reducible flow graph, data flow analysis and global analysis. Chapter eleven one-pass compiler, compiler, its structure, STD rules and passing are described.